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Doing business in Poland
Poland is an excellent place for investment and business development, as confirmed by a large number of internal and external studies. Thanks to lower wages while having access to a highly skilled labor force, Poland consistently remains among the top countries strongly attracting new investment.
The ways to establish a business in Poland
There are two ways to establish a business in Poland, you can do it remotely through the S24 system or in the traditional form at a notary’s office.
Set up a company with us
Find out which company is right for you by choosing online consultation on which we will find the best type of doing business for you.
Establishing a company in traditional form
Civil partnership
General partnership
Joint-stock company
Limited liability company
Limited partnership
Limited joint-stock partnership
Partnership
Simple joint-stock company
Establishing a company through the S24 system
General partnership in S24
Limited liability company in S24
Limited partnership in S24
Simple joint-stock company in S24
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Legal forms of conducting business in Poland
There are several ways to operate a business in Poland through a legal entity. The most common types for investors with foreign capital are a limited liability company (Polish: spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością) and a branch office of foreign entrepreneur. If you are interested in these and other forms of conducting business in Poland, here is a brief description of each of them.
Limited Liability Company (spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością)
LLC is the most frequently chosen company form of running a business in Poland. LLC may be incorporated by one or more person or/and entity. LLC’s shareholders are not personally responsible for the debts of the company. The obligatory minimal share capital of is PLN 5,000. The management board is appointed to represent the company before third parties and to run a business activities. It can consist of one or more members. It can be set up online via S24.
Joint-stock company (spółka akcyjna)
This form is often used for business planning of initial public offer, searching for private equity investors or venture capital. Entities such as Banks, pension funds and other financial institutions are obliged to joint-stock company form. Shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the company. The minimum capital is PLN 100,000 and the minimum value of the shares may not be less than PLN 0.01.
Simple joint-stock company (prosta spółka akcyjna)
Simple joint-stock company is a new type of company in Polish law which has been functioning since 2021. Is a simplified version of a classic joint-stock company most common for startup founders and new enterprises. Amount of the required minimum capital is PLN 1. It can be set up online via S24.
General partnership (spółka jawna)
General partnership is an association of at least two partners running the enterprise under its own name. All partners are responsible jointly for the company’s debts. Each partner has the right to represent the company. It can be set up online via S24.
Civil partnership (spółka cywilna)
Civil partnership is used for small businesses in Poland. Established by at least two natural or legal persons and requires no minimum share capital. Each partner is entitled and obliged to manage the affairs of the partnership, i.e. to perform both factual and legal actions aimed at realizing a common economic goal, as specified in the agreement.
Limited partnership (spółka komandytowa)
A limited partnership is a company, in which at least one partner is a general partner and has an unlimited liability towards the partnership’s creditors (unlimited partner) and the liability of at least one other partner is limited (limited partner). General partners run the company’s affairs and represent it, but also bear full responsibility for the company’s obligations with all their property. Limited partners, are passive investors. They cannot run the partnership’s affairs and represent it, but their liability for the partnership’s obligations is limited to the sum of the limited partnership specified in the partnership agreement. It can be set up online via S24.
Limited joint-stock partnership (spółka komandytowo-akcyjna)
A limited joint-stock partnership it combines features of partnerships and capital companies. A limited joint – stock partnership is a partnership where at least one partner is liable for the obligations of the partnership without limitation (the general partner) and at least one partner is a shareholder. The share capital of the limited joint-stock partnership must be at least 50 000 PLN.
Partnership (spółka partnerska)
Partnership is a company formed by partners for the purpose of practising a liberal profession. The partners can only be natural persons who are authorized to pursue liberal professions, such as: advocate, pharmacist, architect, construction engineer, certified auditor, insurance broker, tax advisor, stockbroker, investment advisor, accountant, doctor, dentist, veterinarian, notary, nurse, midwife, physiotherapist, legal advisor, patent agent, property expert and certified translator. A professional partnership operates
a business under its own firm (name)
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